|
|||
 |
 |
 |
 |
|---|
关于德国的事实 德国历史 |
涓嶅悎鐞嗙殑澶╂墠锛屾垨鑰呬负浠�涔堟垜鏄惁鏄緢鏄庢櫤鐨勶紵 娌荤枟鐖卞湪璁稿鎯呭喌涓嬩粛鐒舵槸閭ｅ彜鑰佹牴鏈尰瀛︼細 鐖卞湪鍥炲綊銆?br> -- Friedrich Nietzsche聽
Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche鍑虹敓鍦?844骞?0鏈?5鏃ュ湪Roecken涓�涓皬鏅瞾澹汉鐨勯晣銆?浠栫殑璇炵敓鏃ユ湡涓庢櫘椴佸＋浜虹殑鍥界帇鐨勭49涓敓鏃ョ浉绗︿簡锛?Friedrich Wilhelm IV锛?Nietzsche鍛藉悕锛屽苟涓旇礋璐ｅNietzsche鐨勭埗浜茬殑浠昏亴浣滀负Roecken鐨勯晣閮ㄩ暱銆?褰揘ietzsche鏄?骞达紝浠栫殑鐖朵翰锛屽崱灏擫udwig浜庤剳瀛愮柧鐥呭湪骞撮緞鐨?6鍜孨ietzsche鐨勬浜℃Nietzsche 2骞?鑰佸厔寮燂紝绾︾憻澶紝琚窡闅忕殑涓�鍗婃瘡骞村悗銆?鍦ㄧ埗浜茬殑姝讳骸浠ュ悗鍏ㄥ绉诲姩浜嗗悜Naumburg锛屽皬鐨凢ritzchen鐢变粬鐨勪簲涓コ鎬т翰鎴氬眳浣忓拰鍩瑰吇-浠栫殑姣嶄翰銆佷粬鐨勭姣嶃�佷粬鐨勪簩涓集姣嶅拰濡瑰浼婁附鑾庣櫧浠ュ悗鐓ф枡Nietzsche鍜屼粬鐨勬。妗堛�?/font>
浣滀负鐢峰皬瀛︾敓锛?Fritzchen宸茬粡鏄鹃湶浜嗕粬鐨勬櫤鍔涚ぜ鐗┿�?浠栧彂鐜颁箯鍛虫紨濂忎笌浠栫殑閭诲眳鐨勫瀛愬苟涓旇棎瑙嗕簡浠栦滑銆?鍙嶈繃鏉ワ紝浠栦滑鏈浘婕斿涓庝粬浜岃�呬箣涓�锛屽苟涓斿憡璇変簡浠栤�滃皬閮ㄩ暱鈥濄�?/font> 褰揘ietzsche鏄?4锛屼粬鍘讳綇瀹垮鏍chulpforta锛屼粬涓哄ぇ瀛﹀仛鍑嗗銆?杩欐槸浠栫殑鏈轰細浠庝粬涓烘槸琚磭鎷滃敮涓�鐨勭敺鎬т粬鐨勫搴殑杩囦唤鍏冲績寰楀埌銆?瀹冩槸姝ゆ椂骞磋交鍝插瀹堕鍏堥伃鍙楀亸澶寸棝澶寸柤鏄槸浠ヤ粬澶у鏁颁粬鐨勬垚浜虹敓娲荤殑銆?鍦ㄥ湪Naumburg搴﹁繃鐨勪粬鐨勬殤鍋囨湡闂达紝 Nietzsche甯﹂浜嗛煶涔愬拰鏂囧淇变箰閮ㄢ�淕ermania鈥濅粬棣栧厛浜嗚В浜?a href="/chinese/library/weekly/aa090900a.htm">Richard Wagner鐨?/a>闊充箰鐨勫湴鏂广�?鍦ㄦ瘯涓氫粠Schulpforta浠ュ悗锛?Nietzsche鍦?864杩涘叆娉㈡仼澶у浣滀负绁炲鍜屾枃瀛楀瀛︾敓銆?/font>聽 鎹閭ｉ噷浠栨洿姣斿埆鐨勪韩鐢ㄤ簡姝ゆ椂浠栨敹缂╂姣掑湪浠栫殑绗簩涓竴鍗婂奖鍝嶄粬鐢熸椿鐨勮璧嬩簣鐗规潈鐨勯潚骞存湡鐢熸椿鐢ㄥ暏閰掞紝閰掋�佹�у拰鐑熻崏绛夌瓑鑷敱锛屽ぇ瀛︾敓鐨勩�?浠栫殑娑堣垂瓒呭嚭浜嗕粠浠栫殑瀹跺涵閫侀噾閽卞苟涓斾粬寮�濮嬪緱鍒版棤璁哄浣曠柌鍊︿簬杩欐牱鐢熸椿鍜岃浆绉昏嚜宸卞埌浠栨潵鍙楃敤涓栫晫琛ㄨ揪鎰忓織鐨勫奖鍝?a href="/chinese/library/weekly/aa010899.htm">Schopenhauer鐨?/a>non-rational鍝插鑾辨瘮閿＄殑澶у鍜屽皢鍜屾兂娉?/i>銆?浠栧拰浠栫殑鎯虫硶娣辨繁鍦板奖鍝峃ietzsche銆?鐒惰�岋紝澶╃敓Nietzsche涓嶆槸鍚堢悊鐨勶紝鑰屾槸鏄紝浠庡紑濮嬪摬瀛︾爺绌讹紝娣辨繁鍦板惛寮曞鐜板疄鐨刵on-rational鍏冪礌锛屽湪Schopenhauer鐨勫摬瀛︽柟闈㈡槸鎰忓織鐨勬蹇点�?/font>聽 1867骞达紝鍥犱负浠栨帴杩戜簡骞撮緞鐨?3锛?Nietzsche杈撳叆浠栧繀闇�鐨勫叺褰瑰拰琚垎閰嶄簡鍒颁竴涓獞椹噹鎴樼偖鍏靛啗鍥㈢揣鎸∟aumburg銆?閭ｉ噷浠栧畨鎺掔涓�娆′簨鏁呭拰椹湁鍏炽�?褰撹瘯鍥惧椋炶穬鐧讳笂鍒伴┈闉嶉噷鍦ㄤ竴鍖圭壒鍒毦椹鹃┉鐨勯┈鏃讹紝浠栧彈浜嗕弗閲嶇殑鑳稿彛浼ゅ拰琚仯鏁ｄ簡鍦ㄤ粬鐨勮兏鍙ｅ垱浼ゅお鎱㈢殑浠ヨ嚦浜庝笉鑳芥剤鍚堜箣鍚庛�?绗簩娆￠┈浜嬫晠22骞村悗灏嗘槸鏈�鍚庝簨浠跺湪浠栫蹇楁甯哥殑鐢熸椿涓�?浠栫揣鎺ョ潃鍥炲埌浜嗚幈姣旈敗澶у銆?锛屽悗1868骞碞ietzsche閬囪浜嗕綔鏇插Richard Wagner銆?Wagner鍜孨ietzsche鍒嗕韩浜嗕竴绉嶇儹鎯呬负Schopenhauer鍜孨ietzsche锛岀粍鎴愰挗鐞达紝鍚堝敱鍜岀寮︿箰鑷粠浠栨槸灏戝勾锛岃鏁僵鐨刉agner涓轰粬鐨勯煶涔愬ぉ鎵嶅拰鏈夊惛寮曞姏鐨勪釜鎬с�?Wagner鏄‘鍒囧湴骞撮緞Nietzsche鐨勭埗浜蹭細鏄拰浠ュ墠涔熶笂浜嗚幈姣旈敗澶у璁稿宀佹湀銆?Nietzsche-Wagner鍏崇郴鏄潪甯稿弸濂界殑锛屽嚑涔庡鏃忥紝鏈夋椂椋庨洦濡傜锛屽苟涓斿畠娣辨繁鍦板奖鍝嶄簡Nietzsche 锛?浜屽崄骞村悗锛屼粬鏇翠細璧炶祻Wagner鐨勬枃鍖栨剰涔夈�?/font>聽 濡傚悓浠栬涓烘槸涓�鍚嶇簿閲囧鐢燂紝宸村灏斿ぇ瀛﹀彨浠栧鍙ゅ吀鏂囧瓧瀛︽瀛愬湪24宀侊紝鍗充娇浠栨湭鎺ュ彈浠栫殑鍗氬＋瀛︿綅銆?瀹夋帓涓哄湪浠栫殑浠诲懡浠ュ悗灏嗚鎺堜簣鐨勫崥澹浣嶅拰Nietzsche浠撲績鍦拌鍋氫簡琚暀鍦ㄥ反濉炲皵浠?869骞村埌1879骞村綋浠栬杩娇閫�浼戠敱浜庝笉鍋ュ悍鈥︽椂 鍦?870骞寸殑绉嬪ぉ锛屽洜涓轰笌娉曞浗鐨勪烤鏂害鐨勬垬浜夋璧峰姴锛?Nietzsche璁炬硶鍐嶅弬鍔犲啗闃熴�?鐒惰�岋紝浠栨湭鍏锋湁璧勬牸浣滀负鎴樺＋锛屼絾鏄綋浠栦负寰峰浗鏁戞姢杞︽湇鍔″緛浜嗚嚜宸憋紝浠栨帴杩戠殑鐓ф枡鍙椾激鐨勬垬澹�佹偅鐨勭櫧鍠夌梾鍜岀棦鐤惧拰鍦ㄤ粬鏈夌敓涔嬪勾闅忓悗浣撻獙浜嗗仴搴峰洶闅剧棝鑻︾殑鍝佺銆?/font>聽 1879骞村洜涓轰粬鍋滄浜嗘暀瀛﹀湪宸村灏斿ぇ瀛︼紝 Nietzsche鏃呰浜嗗緢澶氾紝鐩樻棆鍦ㄦ硶鍥斤紝鐟炲＋锛屽痉鍥藉拰鎰忓ぇ鍒╁煄甯備箣闂淬�?鍦ㄤ竴娆″弬瑙傚悜缃楅┈锛?1882骞碞ietzsche锛岀幇鍦ㄥ湪骞撮緞涓夊崄涓冿紝閬囪浜嗘ゼSalom茅锛屽湪鑻忛粠涓栧涔犲摬瀛﹀拰绁炲鐨勪竴鍚嶄簩鍗佷竴鍚嶅勾淇勫浗鐘瑰お濡囧コ銆?浠栧緢蹇埍涓婁簡濂瑰拰涓ゆ鎻愯瀵瑰ス銆?涓や釜鎻愯琚嫆缁濅簡锛屽苟涓斿叧绯荤敱鏄粷瀵瑰弽鐘瑰お浜虹殑Nietzsche鐨勫濡笶lisabeth鍦ㄦゼ涔熸崯鍧忥紝骞朵笖鎭ㄧ姽澶娑层�?鍥犺�孨ietzsche涓㈠け浜嗕粬鐨勭埍锛屽苟涓斿崟鐙繚鎸併�?/font> 1889骞?鏈?鏃ョ殑鏃╂櫒锛岃�屽湪閮界伒锛?Nietzsche鏈夊湪浠栨湁鐢熶箣骞寸暀缁欎粬鏃犳晥鐨勪竴娆＄簿绁炴晠闅溿�?鍦ㄧ洰鍑婚┈杞﹀か琚灜鎵撶殑椹湪骞垮満Carlo Alberto锛?Nietzsche鎶曟幏浠栫殑鑳宠唺鍦ㄩ┈鐨勮剸瀛愪笂骞朵笖宕╂簝锛屾湭鏇捐繑鍥炲埌鍏呭垎鐨勫ご鑴戞竻妤氥�?涓�浜涗簤杈╄锛?Nietzsche琚姌纾ㄤ簡浠ユ姣掔殑浼犳煋(杩欐槸鍖荤敓鐨勫師濮嬬殑璇婃柇鍦ㄥ反濉炲皵鍜岃�舵嬁)鏀剁缉浜嗕簩鑰呬箣涓�褰撲粬鏄鐢熸椂鎴栧綋浠栨媴褰撳尰闄箻鍔″憳鍦ㄤ經鏈楀摜鏅瞾澹汉鐨勬垬浜夋湡闂存椂; 涓�浜涘０绉板姘村悎姘啗鐨凬ietzsche鐨勭敤閫旓紝浠栦娇鐢ㄤ綔涓洪晣闈欏墏鐨勮嵂鐗╋紝鎭跺寲浠栫殑宸茬粡琚噺寮辩殑绁炵粡绯荤粺; 涓�浜涙帹娴婲ietzsche鐨勫穿婧冨綊缁撲簬浠栦粠浠栫殑鐖朵翰缁ф壙鐨勮剳瀛愮柧鐥呫�?鏃犺濡備綍锛屼粬鍒涢�犳�х殑鐢熸椿琚仠姝紝鍜岀洿鍒颁粬鐨勬浜″湪1900骞?鏈?5鏃ietzsche鏄畬鍏ㄥ湴鐤媯鐨勩�?
鈥滀负浠�涔堟槸鎴戝緢鏄庢櫤鐨勶紵鈥濓紝 鈥滀负浠�涔堟槸鎴戝緢鑱槑鐨勶紵鈥濓紝 鈥滀负浠�涔堜笂鍗圛鍛借繍锛熲�?-- 浠ヨ繖浜涜瘝Nietzsche鍦?888骞村畬鎴愪簡浠栫殑涓�鍓嶅伐浣?浠栫殑鑷紶Ecce鎷変汉锛屼綘鎬庝箞鎴愪负浠�涔堜綘鏄�?/i> 鍦ㄨ繖宸ヤ綔Nietzsche琚鏌ユ墍鏈変粬鐨勫伐浣滃拰鑷垜鎻忚堪鍜屸�滃摬瀛﹀Dionysus鐨勮拷闅忚�咃紝鐢熸椿鐨勪赴瀵岀殑绁炩�濊皝锛屼粬甯屾湜锛屾浛鎹㈣�剁ǎ锛岀澶╁爞鑸叾浠栦笘鐣岋紝浣滀负涓昏鏂囧寲鏍囧噯鏈潵鍗冨勾銆?/font> 鐩稿叧璧勬簮锛?/font> 鈥?琛屾儏鐢盕riedrich Nietzsche |
