Nazi Gold
To finance such a war as World War II, Germany had to be an enormously
rich country, ... but it wasn't. The level of the Reichsbank's gold reserves
was extremely low by the beginning of the war. However Germany successfully
sustained its war efforts by purchasing necessary war materials from the
neutral countries like Argentina, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, and Turkey.
The Swiss role was the financing of the war by taking gold (mostly looted)
and converting it into hard currency Swiss francs. The role of the Spanish
and Portuguese was to provide wolfram using that hard currency or gold.
The role of Sweden was to provide ball bearings and iron ore. The role
of Turkey - chromate.
There were really immense assets involved in this trade. Due to the reports
compiled by Swiss Bergier Commission and US Justice Department's Office
of Special Investigations, we have a mostly clear picture of the Nazi
gold origins.
Hitler had specially arranged units that specialized in robbing banks,
companies and individual possessions for gold and silver, jewelry and
currency. He emptied the central banks of the countries he occupied and
transferred gold and jewelry from the concentration camps to the German
Reichsbank. The summarized statistics of the stolen gold exchanged afterwards
into Swiss marks looks like follows:
1. According to the above-mentioned Swiss Bergier Report, the estimated
value of the gold that went to Switzerland was about $4 billion -- of
which $2.7 to $2.8 billion, was stolen.
2. The report prepared by the US Justice Department's Office of Special
Investigations provides information about the Melmer account at the Reichsbank,
named after Bruno Melmer, the SS officer who was responsible for taking
materials, possessions from concentration camp victims and others at killing
centers and depositing them in an SS account in the Reichsbank. Golden
and silver bars, coins, table silver and gold, rings, watches, dental
gold, etc. - all these belongings are estimated at $40.5 million.
3. Nearly $8 million in victim gold from the Melmer account went to the
Dresdner Bank and the Deutsch Bank, both private German commercial banks,
and were sold on the Turkish free market as part of a scheme to provide
the Reichsbank with foreign currency and to help Axis diplomats and agents
finance their operations in Turkey.
4. More than $2.6 billion in Nazi gold reached Portugal, Spain, Sweden
and Turkey during the war. Three-quarters of this amount was transferred
from Germany through the Swiss National Bank. The gold flow from Germany
to these countries continued throughout the war in spite of the Allies'
warning against accepting the Nazi money the criminal origin of which
was so obvious.
5. One more source of Nazi gold has only been discovered recently; and
that is the strange story of Ustashi gold. The Ustashi regime was Nazi
Germany's wartime puppet state in what was then called Croatia. It systematically
and mercilessly robbed, murdered or deported its Serbian, Sinti-Romani,
Gypsy and Jewish populations. Gold and other valuables of all these victims
became a part of the Ustashi treasury, and may have been estimated at
as much as $80 million. Parts of this treasury appear to have been transferred
to Switzerland in the last year of the war.
Germany has long since come to terms with its past. It has provided $60
billion in funds for Holocaust survivors. Also Germany has made a decision
with respect to the World Jewish Congress and the Material Claims Conference
in 1999 to set up $110 million fund to pay pensions to those Holocaust
survivors who were trapped behind the Iron Curtain during the post-World
War II era, during the Cold War and have never been compensated directly
by Germany.
The Swiss National Bank has made a $75 million contribution to the $200
million humanitarian fund, which the three private, large Swiss banks
have contributed to, as well as other Swiss corporations.
Related links:
Nazi Gold
Info on the gold and other treasures stolen by the Nazi during
WWII.
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The image of the Nazi golden bar by Alexander Neprinets.
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