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Extranjeros En Alemania

En fecha principios de 1994, aproximadamente 6.8 millones colocaron a extranjeros residieron en Alemania. Los turcos compusieron el grupo más grande (1.9 millones), seguido por los inmigrantes de la Yugoslavia anterior (930.000), los italianos (565.000), los Griegos (350.000), postes (260.000), y austriacos (185.000). Cerca de 25 por ciento de estos residentes extranjeros, la mayoría de quién fueron llevados en Alemania, están bajo edad de dieciocho. Debido a el índice de natalidad más alto de extranjeros, uno de cada diez nacimientos en Alemania está a un extranjero. Sin embargo, porque el reclutamiento de Gastarbeiter paró en 1973 en el inicio de una recesión mundial, la mayoría de los trabajadores extranjeros son de mediana edad y han vivido en Alemania por varias décadas.


No distribuyen la población extranjera uniformemente. Más de dos tercios vivo en el Länder de Rin-Westfalia del norte, de Baden-Württemberg, y de Baviera, en donde en 1990 compusieron a 9, 10, y 7 por ciento de la población, respectivamente. Los extranjeros viven principalmente en áreas urbanas; en 1989 aproximadamente 23 por ciento de residentes extranjeros vivió en Hamburgo y Berlín. Los extranjeros viven a menudo en áreas particulares de ciudades grandes. (por ejemplo, Kreuzberg en Berlín y Kalk en Colonia ambos tienen comunidades turcas grandes.) Hay pocos extranjeros en el Länder nuevo. De los áspero 190.000 extranjeros el vivir en la RDA anterior en 1989 debido a trabajo contrae, muchos se ha repatriado desde entonces a Vietnam, a Mozambique, a Cuba, y a otros países en vías de desarrollo que eran amistosos al régimen de RDA.

Los extranjeros comenzaron a llegar en República Federal de Alemania en números grandes en los años 60 después de que la construcción de la pared de Berlín terminara la migración de Alemania del este. Reclutado principalmente de un número de países en Europa meridional, Gastarbeiter no esperaron permanecer más allá de los términos de sus permisos de trabajo. However, many opted to remain in West Germany and subsequently brought their families there to live. As a result, and owing to higher birth rates, the foreign population in Germany has increased substantially (see table 9, Appendix). By offering financial incentives, West German authorities hoped to encourage some Gastarbeiter to return to their native countries, but relatively few took advantage of these provisions. A tightening of entry restrictions also caused many to remain in Germany rather than risk not being readmitted after spending time in their home country.

Although no longer recruited abroad, Germany's foreign residents remain vital to the economy, parts of which would shut down if they were to depart. They also contribute to the country's welfare and social insurance programs by paying twice as much in taxes and insurance premiums as they receive in benefits. In the long term, their presence may be seen as vital because they have a positive birth rate. The birth rate among native Germans is so low that some studies have estimated that Germany will require approximately 200,000 immigrants a year to maintain its population into the next century and support its array of social welfare benefits.

Most Germans do not see their country as a land of immigration like the United States or Canada, and no demographic or social issue has generated greater controversy than the presence of foreigners in the Federal Republic. In an opinion poll taken in 1982, two-thirds of West Germans said that there were too many foreigners in Germany, and one-half thought that foreigners should be sent back to their countries of origin. In 1992 another poll found that the "foreigner problem" ranked as the most serious issue for western Germans and was third in importance for eastern Germans.

According to the foreigners law that went into effect in mid-1993, foreigners living in Germany for fifteen years may become German citizens if they have no criminal record and renounce their original citizenship. Young foreigners who have resided eight years in Germany may become citizens if they have attended German schools for six years and apply for citizenship between the ages of sixteen and twenty-three. Usually, however, German citizenship depends not on where one is born (ius solis) but on the nationality of the father or, since 1974, on the mother (ius sanguinis). Thus, to many, German citizenship depends on being born German and cannot rightfully be acquired through a legal process. This notion makes it practically impossible for naturalized citizens or their children to be considered German. Some reformers advocate eliminating the concept of German blood in the 1913 law regulating citizenship, but the issue is an emotional one, and such a change has little popular support.

Registered Foreign Residents in Germany by Nationality, Selected Years, 1961-92 (in thousands)

- Poblacion
- Mujeres En Sociedad
- Union
- Estructura Social
- Religion
- Urbanizacion

• Geografia (tierras y capitales, clima)
• Sociedad (poblacion, religion, union, urbanizacion, estructura social, inmigracion)
• Educacion (elemental, menor, mayor, vocacional, mas alto)
• Economia (el milagro economico, el sistema financiero, el Bundesbank, la cultura) del negocio
• Politica (gobierno, el canciller, el presidente, partidos, Bundestag)
• Medioses de comunicacion (periodicos, radio y TV)
• Fuerzas Armadas (ejercito, marina de guerra, fuerzas aereas, policia)

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