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German Society
Population: 81,338,000 (July 1995 estimate) with growth
rate of 0.26 percent (July 1995 estimate).
Ethnic Groups: 95.1 percent German, 2.3 percent Turkish,
1.7 percent Italian, 0.4 percent Greek, and 0.4 percent Polish; remainder
mainly refugees from former Yugoslavia.
Languages: Standard German, with substantial differences
in regional dialects. Three very small linguistic minorities, which speak
Serbian, Danish, or Frisian.
Religion: Protestants, mostly in Evangelical Church
in Germany, 30 million; Roman Catholics, 28.2 million; Muslims, 2.5 million;
free churches, 195,000; and Jews, 34,000.
Education and Literacy: 99 percent literacy rate in
population over age fifteen (1991 estimate). Education compulsory until
age eighteen. At age ten, after primary school (Grundschule),
students attend one of five schools: short-course secondary school (Hauptschule);
intermediate school (Realschule); high school (Gymnasium);
comprehensive school (Gesamtschule); or a school for children
with special educational needs (Sonder-schule). At about age
fifteen, students choose among a variety of vocational, technical, and
academic schools. Higher education consists of many kinds of technical
colleges, advanced vocational schools, and universities.
Health and Welfare: About 90 percent of population covered
by comprehensive compulsory insurance for sickness, accidents, disability,
long-term care, and retirement. Most of remainder enrolled in voluntary
insurance programs; the very poor are covered by state-financed welfare
programs. Quality of medical care generally excellent. Comfortable pensions
paid according to life-time earnings and indexed to meet cost-of-living
increases. Wide variety of other social welfare benefits managed by both
government and private agencies available to those in need. Life expectancy
76.6 years for total population (73.5 years for males and 79.9 years for
females) (1995 estimates). Infant mortality rate 6.3 deaths per 1,000
live births (1995 estimate). Total fertility rate 1.5 children born per
woman (1995 estimate).
- Population
- Immigration
- Women In Society
- Marriage
- Fertility
- Mortality
- Age-Gender Distribution
- Social Structure
- Health Care
- Religion
- Urbanization
- Geography (lands, topography
and climate)
- Society (population, religion,
marriage, urbanization, social structure, immigration)
- Education (elementary,
junior, senior, vocational, higher)
- Economy (the Economic
Miracle, financial system, Bundesbank, business culture)
- Politics (government,
the Chancellor, the President, parties, Bundestag)
- Mass Media (newspapers,
radio and TV)
- Armed Forces (army,
navy, air forces, police)
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