Geography (lands, topography and climate)
Climate In Germany
- Population,
- Age-Gender Distribution,
- Religion,
- Urbanization,
- Social structure,
- German Nationality Law
- Immigration,
- Foreigners in Germany,
- Ethnic Germans,
- Asylum-Seekers In Germany,
- Women In German Society,
- Marriage and Family in Germany,
- Fertility in Germany,
- Mortality in Germany,
- Healthcare system
- Elementary education,
- Secondary education in Germany,
- Vocational education and training,
- Higher education
- Domestic Economy of Germany,
- German International Economic Relations,
- the Economic Miracle,
- Impact of Unification on German Economy,
- Germany in the World Economy,
- Deutsche Mark,
- Bundesbank,
- Business culture
Government and Politics in Germany:
- the Chancellor,
- the President,
- the Legislature in German Politics,
- Federalism in Germany
- The German Constitution
- German flag,
- Bundestag,
- Bundesrat of Germany,
- Electoral System of Germany,
- German Political Parties,
- Extra Party Political Forces in Germany
German Armed Forces:
- National Security in Germany,
- Prussia’s Emergence as a Military Power,
- Creation of the Bundeswehr,
- The German Military in Two World Wars,
- Bundesheer,
- Bundesmarine,
- Luftwaffe,
- Military Justice in Germany,
- German Uniforms, Ranks, and Insignia,
- Foreign Military Relations,
- Internal Security,
- Land Police Agencies,
- Dissidence and Terrorist Activity,
- Federal Police Agencies,
- Police Agencies in Germany
The information is provided by the Library of Congress. This study attempts to review Germany and treat its dominant social, political, economic, and military aspects in a concise and objective manner.
The name Germany is used in three senses: first, it refers to the region in Central Europe commonly regarded as constituting Germany, even when there was no central German state, as was the case for most of Germany’s history; second, it refers to the unified German state established in 1871 and existing until 1945; and third, since October 3, 1990, it refers to the united Germany, formed by the accession on this date of the German Democratic Republic (GDR, or East Germany) to the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG, or West Germany). The name Federal Republic of Germany refers to West Germany from its founding on May 23, 1949, until German unification on October 3, 1990. After this date, it refers to united Germany. For the sake of brevity and variety, the Federal Republic of Germany is often called simply the Federal Republic.
The Federal Republic of Germany consists of sixteen states (Laender; sing., Land ). Five of these Laender date from July 1990, when the territory of the German Democratic Republic was once again divided into Laender. For this reason, when discussing events since unification, Germans frequently refer to the territory of the former East Germany as the new or eastern Laender and call that of the former West Germany the old or western Laender. For the sake of convenience and variety, the text often follows this convention to distinguish eastern from western Germany.
Spellings of place-names used here are in most cases those approved by the United States Board on Geographic Names. Exceptions are the use of the conventional English names for a few important cities, rivers, and geographic regions.
Measurements are given in the metric system. A conversion table is provided to assist readers unfamiliar with metric measurements.
